How does partial discharge affect transformer oil?

Partial discharge (PD) in transformers can significantly affect transformer oil by generating localized heating and ionization, leading to the formation of harmful byproducts. These byproducts can degrade the oil’s dielectric properties and increase its acidity, reducing its effectiveness as an insulator and coolant. Over time, this degradation can compromise the overall performance and lifespan of the transformer, necessitating regular monitoring and maintenance of both the oil and the insulation system to mitigate these effects.